José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, is widely remembered for his exceptional intellect, literary works, and ultimate sacrifice for his country. However, behind his remarkable journey stood a strong and supportive family. Among them was his eldest sibling, who played a pivotal role during his early years and development. Understanding who the eldest sibling of Rizal was offers a deeper appreciation for the environment that shaped him. The influence of his family, especially the eldest among his brothers and sisters, provided Rizal with a strong foundation in values, education, and discipline. This topic explores in depth the identity, life, and contributions of the eldest sibling of José Rizal.
The Rizal Family Overview
José Rizal was born into a prominent and well-educated family in Calamba, Laguna. His parents, Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda, had eleven children two boys and nine girls. The family placed a high value on education, faith, and civic duty. Each member contributed in their own way to Rizal’s development, but his eldest sibling stood out as a guiding figure during his early years.
Names of the Rizal Siblings
- Saturnina Rizal
- Paciano Rizal
- Narcisa Rizal
- Olympia Rizal
- Lucia Rizal
- Maria Rizal
- José Rizal
- Concepción Rizal
- Josefa Rizal
- Trinidad Rizal
- Soledad Rizal
Out of these eleven siblings, the eldest was Saturnina Rizal, born in 1850, making her the firstborn of the Rizal family.
Saturnina Rizal: The Eldest Sibling
Saturnina Rizal, affectionately called Neneng by her family, was born in 1850 in Calamba, Laguna. She was a woman of intelligence, strength, and deep familial devotion. As the eldest among the Rizal siblings, Saturnina took on the role of second mother to her younger brothers and sisters. She helped raise them, especially during times when their parents were occupied with managing their landholdings and educational pursuits.
Her relationship with José Rizal was close and nurturing. As his elder sister, she served as a maternal figure, especially during his childhood. She not only cared for him but also encouraged his education and growth. Letters exchanged between them reveal the emotional bond and intellectual conversations they shared.
Support for José Rizal’s Education
Saturnina was among those who strongly supported José Rizal’s academic journey. When Rizal left Calamba to study in Manila and eventually in Europe, it was Saturnina and other siblings who provided emotional and financial assistance. She played a key role in coordinating with family members to gather funds and send supplies to help Rizal continue his studies abroad.
Through her letters, Saturnina gave advice, news from home, and encouragement. These letters were not only filled with love and concern but also showed her wisdom and clear understanding of the political and social climate of the time. Her support went beyond emotional encouragement; it was also practical and instrumental.
Marriage and Family Life
Saturnina Rizal married Manuel T. Hidalgo, a native of Tanauan, Batangas. Manuel came from a respected and educated family and supported his wife’s ties with the Rizal household. The couple lived in Tanauan, where they raised their children and engaged in community affairs. Their home became a center for intellectual and cultural discussions, often visited by relatives and friends, including José Rizal.
Unfortunately, Manuel Hidalgo became a victim of political harassment by Spanish authorities. Because of his association with Rizal and open support for reforms, Hidalgo faced persecution. This impacted Saturnina and her family, but she remained firm in her beliefs and support for her brother’s cause.
Challenges During the Revolution
During the Philippine Revolution and the persecution of the Rizal family, Saturnina faced tremendous hardship. Despite the pressure and fear, she remained brave and composed. Like the rest of her family, she stood by José Rizal even as his writings and political involvement drew increasing attention from colonial authorities.
She witnessed the arrest and execution of her brother with a heavy heart, but she did not lose her spirit. Saturnina continued to honor his memory by preserving his legacy and supporting her family’s fight for justice and recognition.
Legacy of Saturnina Rizal
Though often overshadowed by the more public figures in the Rizal family, such as Paciano, Saturnina played a vital role in the background. She was not only the eldest sibling of Rizal but also one of his first educators and protectors. Her life exemplified dedication to family, resilience in adversity, and strength of character. Through her letters and actions, Saturnina helped ensure that José Rizal stayed connected to his roots, culture, and familial support.
Today, Saturnina’s role is increasingly recognized by historians and educators who seek to highlight the contributions of women in national history. She represents the unsung heroines who stood behind great men not as silent figures, but as active participants in shaping history.
Commemorations and Recognition
- Schools and institutions have been named after Saturnina Rizal in recognition of her contributions.
- Her letters to José Rizal are preserved as part of Philippine historical archives and are often cited by scholars.
- Local communities in Calamba and Tanauan honor her legacy during celebrations of Rizal Day and Women’s Month.
The eldest sibling of José Rizal was Saturnina Rizal, a woman of remarkable strength, intelligence, and compassion. As the firstborn, she guided and supported her siblings, particularly José, during the most critical stages of their lives. Her emotional and financial support for Rizal’s education, her courage during times of political persecution, and her efforts to preserve her brother’s legacy make her an essential figure in Philippine history. Understanding her life story adds depth to the narrative of José Rizal and reminds us of the powerful influence of family in shaping national heroes.