When writing formal letters or business correspondence, it’s common to include documents, files, or attachments along with the message. In such cases, people often use phrases like ‘Enclosed herewith’ or ‘Herewith enclosed’ to indicate that something is being sent along with the letter. While both expressions are considered grammatically correct, they can sound overly formal or outdated in modern usage. Understanding when and how to use these phrases correctly, or whether to replace them with simpler alternatives, is important for maintaining clarity and professionalism in written communication.
Understanding the Meaning of ‘Enclosed Herewith’ and ‘Herewith Enclosed’
The phrase ‘Enclosed herewith’ means that an item or document is being sent together with the letter or email. The word ‘enclosed’ refers to the act of including something within the envelope or message, and ‘herewith’ is a formal term meaning ‘with this.’ Similarly, ‘Herewith enclosed’ carries the same meaning but uses a different word order. Both expressions are used to draw attention to attached materials.
Though they may appear interchangeable, their frequency and tone can vary depending on the context and the writer’s preferences. In most cases, modern business English leans toward simpler constructions such as ‘Please find enclosed’ or ‘Attached is.’
Examples in Context
Here are some examples to show how these phrases are used in real communication:
- Enclosed herewith is the signed agreement for your records.
- Herewith enclosed are the financial statements for the last quarter.
- Please find enclosed the application form.
- Attached is the document you requested.
While all these sentences are technically correct, the last two are more commonly used in today’s emails and business letters because they are simpler and more natural.
Grammatical Structure and Usage
Both ‘enclosed herewith’ and ‘herewith enclosed’ are examples of formal business English. They combine two adverbs ‘enclosed’ (past participle acting as an adjective) and ‘herewith’ (an adverb meaning ‘with this’) to emphasize that a document accompanies the communication.
Despite being grammatically correct, they often sound redundant. This is because the word ‘enclosed’ already implies that something is included. Adding ‘herewith’ doesn’t necessarily clarify the sentence further and can make the writing feel stiff or old-fashioned.
Preferred Alternatives
In modern professional writing, it is generally recommended to use clearer, more direct phrases. Here are some suggested alternatives that can replace ‘enclosed herewith’ or ‘herewith enclosed’:
- Enclosed isEnclosed is the brochure you requested.
- Attached isAttached is the invoice for your reference.
- Please find enclosedPlease find enclosed a copy of the contract.
- We have includedWe have included the revised proposal with this letter.
These phrases communicate the same message without sounding overly formal. They are also more adaptable to both written letters and digital communications like email.
Historical Origins and Formality
The phrase ‘herewith’ comes from older forms of English, and it has been used for centuries in legal, academic, and business writing. This is why it still appears in contracts, formal letters, and legal notices. However, as business communication has become more casual and conversational over time, the use of such archaic terms has decreased.
‘Enclosed herewith’ and similar expressions are most appropriate in very formal or legal documents, especially when traditional formats are expected. In most day-to-day communication, particularly in emails, simpler wording is usually more effective and reader-friendly.
When to Use Formal Language
There are situations where formal language remains appropriate and even necessary. Consider using ‘enclosed herewith’ or similar formal expressions in the following cases:
- When writing legal documents or formal contracts
- In diplomatic or government correspondence
- In formal business letters sent by post
- When the recipient expects a traditional tone
However, even in these settings, modern alternatives may still be acceptable and preferred by many professionals.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Using formal phrases like ‘enclosed herewith’ incorrectly or in inappropriate contexts can confuse readers or make the writing sound awkward. Below are a few mistakes to watch out for:
- Using the phrase in emails: Since emails are not physically ‘enclosing’ documents, it’s more accurate to say ‘attached’ rather than ‘enclosed.’
- Redundancy: Saying ‘enclosed herewith’ and then listing the attachment again later is repetitive. Choose one clear statement.
- Mixing formal and informal tone: Avoid combining outdated phrases with casual language in the same message.
Example of Poor Usage
Herewith enclosed you will find attached the proposal that we are sending via email today.
This sentence is not only overly formal but also redundant. A better version would be:
Attached is the proposal we discussed.
Tips for Writing Clear Professional Messages
Choosing the right language in business writing depends on your audience, the medium, and the message. Here are a few tips for using attachment-related phrases effectively:
- Use ‘attached’ for emails and ‘enclosed’ for printed documents.
- Avoid archaic phrases unless you are writing legal or official documents.
- Be direct and concise when referring to documents or files.
- Double-check that the attachment is actually included before sending.
Clarity, simplicity, and professionalism should guide your writing choices, especially when referring to supporting documents in business communication.
Both ‘Enclosed herewith’ and ‘Herewith enclosed’ are formal expressions that mean a document or item is included with the letter. While they are grammatically correct and still appear in certain formal contexts, they can often sound outdated or overly stiff. In modern business and professional writing, simpler alternatives like ‘attached is,’ ‘enclosed is,’ or ‘please find enclosed’ are generally preferred. By understanding when and how to use these phrases, writers can ensure their messages are both professional and easy to understand.
Whether you’re drafting an email, writing a formal letter, or preparing legal documentation, the way you refer to attached materials can affect the tone and clarity of your message. Choosing the right phrase will help you communicate effectively and professionally in any situation.